Measuring Cosmetic Colour Pigments to Ensure Quality and Meet Consumer Demands

To ensure repeated sales and influence new buyers, cosmetics’ quality and consistency must go hand in hand. Image Source: Flickr user wencor teo (CC BY 2.0)

For years, I’ve used the same brand of cosmetics. It took trial and error to find the right combination for my complexion and skin tone. So when my favorite lipstick was recently discontinued, I drove from drugstore to drugstore to stock up.

Thankfully, cosmetic manufacturers understand the importance of consistency and colour matching and work hard to keep consumers happy. Measuring cosmetic colour pigments is essential for creating quality formulations that consumers can depend upon—and spectrophotometric technology not only simplifies this process but ensures replicable quality every time.

Ensuring Consistency Through Pigment Colour Analysis

Due to their water solubility, cosmetic colour pigments make up the majority of colorants used in decorative cosmetics. The two main types of colorants are organic and inorganic pigments, which are available in an assortment of combinations that can differ greatly in both texture and appearance1.

While colour perception of these pigments varies based upon individual observation, repeatable colour formulations depend on instrumental analysis to quantify colour data. Light source (natural or artificial), reflective value, and opacity all affect the visual appearance of these products, making colour control standards imperative.

Monitoring colour stability is also an important step, as even the slightest changes in heat or chemical formulation can affect the finished product. Spectrophotometers offer continual monitoring throughout production to provide data on even minute changes in colour, helping avoid costly errors in final colour outcome. This information is then numerically quantified and used to aid in repeatability and formulation.

Spectrophotometers offer real-time colour data to ensure consistency throughout production. Image Source: Flickr user Kanco* (CC BY 2.0)

Challenges in Cosmetic Colour Pigment Monitoring

Organic and inorganic colorants are available in both powdered and liquid form. Since quantification of these pigments depends greatly on the appearance and/or texture of the colorant, choosing the right method of colour evaluation is imperative.

Spectrophotometers provide accurate colour data by measuring spectral reflectance at precise illumination and detection angles to determine exact colour information in cosmetic pigments. This data “can [then] be used for acceptance testing, design purposes, research, manufacturing control, and quality control”2.

But to meet these standards, analysis must be obtained by controlling illumination and observing samples at various angles to develop specific colour tolerances. This formulation data can then be stored and utilized repeatedly to ensure colour quality and consistency.

Liquid and powdered colorants vary in reflective values, so understanding the proper colour measurement techniques is imperative for accuracy and quality control. Image Source: Flickr user Sharon Wesilds (CC BY 2.0)

Since reflectance and absorption values vary based on sample type (liquid or powdered), understanding the versatility of your colour measurement instrumentation is also necessary for achieving desired results. Raw pigment powders, for example, are often measured to ensure lot-to-lot consistency as well as colour accuracy of the final powder-based cosmetics. Using a Directional  45°/0° reflectance geometry is preferred here because it most accurately represents human colour perception3.

But liquid pigments and/or cosmetics display higher levels of gloss and reflective value. Choosing the right geometries to counter-balance the appearance of these elements can increase the accuracy of colour data. Non-contact measurement instrumentation is often the preferred choice for cosmetic colour measurement in this case because it can evaluate pigment dispersion without any added barrier interfering with the visual data of the sample.

Cutting Edge Instrumentation and Superior Customer Support

State-of-the-art spectral technology offers the versatility required to address the challenges of cosmetic colour pigment analysis. HunterLab is a leader in innovative colour measurement instrumentation, and over the years, we have worked with leading cosmetic development professionals to engineer spectrophotometric technology that meets the needs of the industry.

Not only do our design elements accommodate the many variations in pigment standards and analysis, but we also provided the highest level of support to ensure you get the most out of your colour measurement instrumentation. We are here to offer you the information you need to gain an edge in a competitive market. To learn more about the many product options we have available, contact us today.