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"ASBC Beer Color and Turbidity"

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"Everything You Need to Know About Dye Allergies"

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"Color Meanings and Communication"

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"What is Hunter Whiteness Index?"

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"What is Y Transmission?"

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"Do you have a source for Magnesium Carbonate powder as top-of-scale?"

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"What are the USDA Peanut Butter Color Standards?"

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ASBC Beer Color and Turbidity

Posted on Jul 19, 2024 by HunterLab

ASBC Color

The ASBC Beer Color scale has a range of approximately 1 to 11 units, with the more yellow, pale worts at the low end of the scale and the redder color of dark worts, beers and caramels at the upper end of the scale.

The industry reference method for ASBC Beer Color and Turbidity Is:

ASBC Beer-10 Color of Beer Part A. Spectrophotometric Color Method available from ASBC – American Society of Brewing Chemists, affiliated with AACC – American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, MN USA www.cerealsgrains.org.

The ASBC Color metric is based on a simple spectral absorbance (A) measurement at 430 nm of decarbonated beer using a 0.5-inch path length cell. The formula was originally defined as:

ASBC Beer Color = 10*(A½), 430 nm

In allow ASBC Beer Color to be measured and reported simultaneously using the same 10 mm cell path length cell that used to measure EBC Beer Color, a conversion factor of 1.27 is used to scale absorbance measured using a 10 mm path length cell to absorbance the original 0.5 inch path length cell.

A½, 430 nm = 1.27*A10mm@430nm

The resultant ASBC Color formula when the sample is measured in a 10 mm path length cell becomes:

ASBC Beer Color = 10*1.27*A10mm@430nm

The instrument is typically standardized or blanked to 100% transmittance (absorbance = 2) on the cell filled with distilled water.

Posted in Color And Appearance Theory

Everything You Need to Know About Dye Allergies

Posted on Jul 10, 2024 by HunterLab

Everything You Need to Know About Dye Allergies

If you’re like most people in the world, you consume or come into contact with dye on a daily basis. Food, drugs, personal care products and textiles all make use of dye to change product appearance and help with identification. In the manufacturing world, dye is a critical component of a product — but it can have significant ramifications for specific customers.

People with dye allergies must be extra careful with the products they use and the food they consume. Let’s take a closer look at allergies to food dyes and what they mean for a product.

What Is Dye?

Dyes come from a wide variety of natural and synthetic sources. Each dye has its own properties and associated regulations. People have been dyeing products for centuries and have developed a range of styles and types of dyes. Food, drugs and textiles may all use different dyes to get their final colors.

One distinguishing characteristic of a dye is that it chemically bonds to the material, as opposed to pigments that do not bind to the substance. Its qualities become part of the item and can have effects on people who consume or come into contact with it.

What Are Dyes Used For?

Dyes are essential for a wide array of purposes, including:

  • They make products look better. If your ketchup were a sickly brown color, it probably wouldn’t look very appealing. Dye can improve the visual appearance of various products, attracting customers and making their experience more enjoyable. In products like cosmetics, the dye is essential to give them the right color.
  • They can help identify variations. Different flavors or options can benefit from various colors to help distinguish them from each other. In the world of pharmaceuticals, the right color can be critical in the proper identification of a drug.
  • They improve consistency. Whether you buy a product in New York or Los Angeles, you expect similar levels of quality from the same manufacturer. During production, natural products can appear quite different. When you ensure the same colors and appearances are present consistently, customers retain confidence in your product each time they buy.

One of the most significant uses of dyes is in the food and beverage industry. You can also find dyes in cosmetic products, personal care items and drugs. Some products that frequently use dye include the following:

  • Soft drinks
  • Cereals
  • Baked goods
  • Candies
  • Ice cream
  • Canned fruits
  • Chips
  • Cheeses
  • Fabric
  • Pills
  • Liquid medicine
  • Cosmetics
  • Mouthwash

Posted in Color And Appearance Theory

Color Meanings and Communication

Posted on Feb 13, 2024 by HunterLab

Every day you are surrounded by colors — they may inspire, motivate or remind you of something else you experienced. Because color plays such an important role in how most people experience the world, it also looms large in the human psyche. Different colors affect mood in significant ways. As a result, you can use specific colors to communicate ideas and even influence behavior.

How Colors Affect Your Mood

People associate different colors with various emotions and concepts. Color meaning and psychology are closely linked, with certain colors shown to impact mood. Exposure to specific wavelengths of light can even produce physiological responses, impacting heart rate and alertness.

Ideas about a color’s meaning in life vary from person to person. However, themes crop up around specific colors. When you understand what a color means, you can use it to create a desired atmosphere or encourage specific responses in an audience. In Western countries, colors on the visible light spectrum are typically associated with the following ideas and emotions:

  • Red: Energy, passion, determination
  • Orange: Ambition, youthfulness, extroversion
  • Yellow: Optimism, happiness, excitement
  • Green: Growth, peace, nature
  • Blue: Relaxation, trust, loyalty
  • Purple: Prosperity, imagination, focus
  • Grey: Strength, stability, longevity
  • Brown: Comfort, reliability, seriousness
  • White: Purity, cleanliness, harmony
  • Black: Power, sophistication, mystery

Posted in Color And Appearance Theory

What is Hunter Whiteness Index?

Posted on Feb 09, 2024 by HunterLab

Hunter Whiteness Index [WIH]

There are at least half a dozen whiteness indices in use today, and a similar number of legacy whiteness indices no longer in use. There are subtleties among them and it is important to know the forms of these whiteness metrics and conditions for which they are derived for. In general, a material will exhibit high whiteness if the material reflectance has high and even reflectance, near 100%, across the visible spectrum.

There is a 1942 version and a 1960 version of the Hunter Whiteness Index. The more commonly known Hunter Whiteness Index was defined in 1960 based on the Hunter L, a, b scale for C/2 conditions.

Posted in Color And Appearance Theory

What is Y Transmission?

Posted on Feb 09, 2024 by HunterLab

Showing relationship between % spectral transmission and the Y Transmission value.

Quantifying Transparent Color Transmittance and Luminosity Perception in Colorimetry

In addition to representing green in the CIE X, Y, Z tristimulus color scale, the CIE Y is also the 1924 CIE Luminosity or Brightness function which quantifies the way people perceive the relative brightness of equal energy spectral hues. Humans perceive green colors as brighter or more luminous than blue or red.

The Y Transmission value quantifies the overall transmittance of transparent colors.

Posted in Color And Appearance Theory

Do you have a source for Magnesium Carbonate powder as top-of-scale?

Posted on Feb 09, 2024 by HunterLab

Transitioning from Magnesium Carbonate to PRD Perfect Reflecting Diffuser for Reflectance Calibration

For measuring the brightness of some materials, some dated industrial methods cite a Magnesium Carbonate block standard to be set to Y = 100% in reflectance. This is a very old top-of-scale standard and HunterLab does not recommend using it.

Instead users should update their methods to the current industry standard of a PRD Perfect Reflecting Diffuser as 100% top-of-scale for reflectance. A Magnesium Carbonate plaque will read slightly lower than a PRD standard, typically around 97%.

If you are determined to use a Magnesium Carbonate top-of-scale, a source for Magnesium Carbonate powder that can be pressed into a plaque can be found at:

Magnesium Carbonate, Pentahydrate, white powder
(Magnesite, Carbonic Acid Magnesium Salt)
4Mg(CO3)•Mg(OH)2•5H2O

Fisher Scientific
Pittsburgh, PA USA
www.fishersci.com
Product # S25399

Posted in Color And Appearance Theory

What are the USDA Peanut Butter Color Standards?

Posted on Feb 09, 2024 by HunterLab

Commercial grade peanut butter

Understanding USDA Grade Ratings and the Role of Color Standards in Evaluation

The USDA quality system assigns peanut butter quality rating of USDA Grade A, Grade B and Other based on 4 attributes that total 100 points.

Color – 20 points

Consistency – 20 points

Absence of defects – 30 points

Flavor and aroma – 30 points

All four quality characteristics are based on sensory qualification but color can be quantified.

The USDA Peanut Butter Color Standards are a set of 4 plastic chips that serve as visual guides used for defining the color of processed peanut butter defining USDA Grade A (2 to 3 Medium Brown) between too light (1 Light Brown) and too dark USDA Grade B (4 Dark Brown).

USDA Peanut Butter Color Standards

The reference document for these US Peanut Butter Color Standards is:

US Standards for Grades of Peanut Butter – February 5, 1972
Available on internet as a US Federal Standard from USDA/AMS GSA Washington, DC USA www.ams.usda.gov

Information on this method comes from:

Processed Products Branch
Fruit and Vegetable Division, AMS
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Washington, D.C. 20090-6456 USA
www.ams.usda.gov

Posted in Color And Appearance Theory
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